Not definite if they got any top-quality info than Reuters (5 July).
1. http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/commission-fails-to-blend-biofuel-with-politics/68441.aspx
Surroundings Goodness
Congress FAILS TO Manufacture BIOFUEL Gone POLITICS
By Jennifer Rankin 08.07.2010 / 04:35 CET Inmost emails and documents on the EU's biofuel line up scuttle suspicion condescending the European Commission's skillfulness to legislate.
Getting higher crops for fuel was at what time seen as phase of the unmovable to live through spin. Now, numberless environmentalists restlessness that rashness for biofuel may possibly be phase of the use. As passions for and in opposition to biofuel store ebbed and flowed condescending the grip three being, they store raised sensitive questions roundabouts how the European Combination uses science.
Inmost emails and previous to unpublished documents obtained from the European Congress put down freedom-of-information requirements by "European Detail "depression the Commission's claims to be a undemonstrative legislator. They perform that two Congress departments tried to come to an end the topic of monarch research that reached unfavourable conclusions on the EU's line up on biofuel. They perform that a Congress organization based a research study on a unhealthy hypothesis casting biofuel in a favourable light.
In also occurrence, the belligerent have power over of research was accompanied by sturdy inter-departmental internal strife that raises uncertainties roundabouts the Commission's skillfulness to install line up.
The controversies stem from the European Council's assertion in December 2007 that by 2020 Europe could do with get 10% of the energy it uses for transport from biofuel.
At the daylight hours, the stimulus of biofuel was regarded as having three advantages for the EU - sinuous high-class energy security, share out the crop growing billet and combating live through spin. What's more the prime two advantages depend on the scope to which biofuel is home-grown or imported, but the third became slowly belligerent as the EU's live through and energy line up was matured featuring in 2008.
Legislature Demand
At the European Legislature of December 2008, home-based leaders affirmed that Europe could do with get 10% of its transport energy from renewable sources. Such were the controversies roundabouts biofuel that the scope to which the EU would rely on biofuel was consumed an crack mistake.
On the summit of it, realization energy from (renewable) crops is beneath unpleasant to the live through than burning oil or gas. But policymakers store had to critique all the greenhouse-gas luggage of biofuel production, in the midst of, for occurrence, the use of fertilisers and transport.
Primary on, one of the charges made in opposition to biofuel was that areas of rainforest are while ruined to install plot for getting bigger biofuel crops - send land-use spin.
Even more stony to consideration (and to reply) is tortuous land-use spin (ILUC), for example, as soon as biofuel crops dislodge fabricate crops on farmland, so that forests or pampas are persuaded for getting bigger fabricate crops. In January 2008, the Congress open a method for a lettering law on renewable energy as phase of its flagship legislation on live through and energy. An home town row surrounded by energy and milieu officials was unlimited completely at 2.30am on the sunrise of topic of the lettering law as soon as the Commission's secretariat-general deleted a hint to ILUC.
But the questions did not go on show. In February 2008, a study appeared in the American look at Science, suggestive of that, ever since of ILUC, US maize-based ethanol caused top-quality greenhouse-gas emissions than it saved. This was followed by the bureaucrat topic of a study by the Commission's home town research thing, the Joint Research Centre (JRC), which branded ILUC as a use. MEPs and some EU aficionada states - Germany, the Netherlands and the UK - driven for airy safeguards to be included in the EU's lettering law.
Security Dealings
The complete primer of the law did cover up trial to confidence in opposition to send land-use spin, chilly biofuel whose production concerned the go by of rainforests or peatland. In addition, biofuel marketed in the EU has to transfer greenhouse-gas savings of at least 35% as soon as compared to fossil fuels, a threshold that choice heighten to 50% by 2017.
But the renewables law consumed out any fussy elicit of ILUC. The EU coagulate that the Congress could do with get ways to minimise tortuous land-use spin and happen up amid an ILUC ingredient, an off-the-shelf outcome for also fastidious of biofuel that would be hand-me-down to regard its pus luggage. The Congress was unmodified until the end of this go out with to broad the make better. The energy organization, which is in rate of implementing the renewable energy bid, had hoped to divide up a pass on on ILUC by Stride but has missed this deadline. Congress departments are nonetheless at loggerheads condescending the extent and credence of ILUC.
The climate-action organization shares blame for ILUC, by virtuousness of fuel-quality laws. In addition, the Congress departments for subject and crop growing and the JRC store been asked to bring in studies on ILUC. Rotund 4.5 million hectares of populace may possibly be ploughed up about the world by 2020, according to the JRC study. But a study from the subject organization came up amid a slash estimate of 800,000- 1 million hectares of land-use spin by 2020.
Biological Assign
Meanwhile, the Commission's energy, milieu, crop growing departments had force out bogged nip condescending the ecological assign of biofuel line up to distinguish. Congress officials left 17 months arguing condescending one study by consultants that had been commissioned by the milieu organization. Officials from other departments insisted that parts of their pass on casting biofuel in an unfavourable light could do with be jejune from the pass on.
Bas Eickhout, a Dutch Biologist MEP, who has see the documents, says that the emails raise questions roundabouts the Commission's skillfulness to strategy up a pass on that reflects the science. "The vested amuse to respect the 10% injured person exciting is so dangerous to some of the DGs that they are prepared to fail to take the mechanical studies, and that is comparatively out of this world to see."
He is influence G"unther Oettinger, the European symbolic for energy, to "plead and strict his gracious servants".
Gangster month Oettinger signalled that he would not sway out "counteractive stride" on biofuel line up. Connie Hedegaard, the European symbolic for live through stride, has yet to plead.
Christophe Bourillon of the European Bioethanol Logs Send for (eBio) dismissed the concerns as without foundation. He said: "I don't hint of any other enterprise that has been looked at in such an crack and bring in way."
Biofuels were make a difference to top-quality analyze than any other power source. "Gone panorama to ILUC, we are while asked to perform we are whiter than old," Bourillon assumed. "ILUC is nonetheless outstandingly very much a outline. You can install a study say whatever you strive for."
2. http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/17-month-row-over-challenging-report/68443.aspx
17-MONTH ROW Out of the frame Fiercely Identify
08.07.2010 / 04:30 CET Row was approved by quashing topic of phase of pass on that was unfavourable towards biofuel line up. [Compensate for registration compulsory to see top-quality]
For intimates of you who are analytical, I secure now prepared a pdf impersonate of my piece comatose online.
Entitled "On the Course to Replacing Oil: A Well-to-Wheels Nest Exploring Combination Delight Fuels and Transportation Systems", the hideaway does unflustered that: explores the well-to-wheels energy use and emissions tied with a number of dozen total well-to-wheels fuel/vehicle combinations.
The hideaway was submitted in June as my apprentice honors piece in pleasure of the wishes of the Robert D. Clark Honors Comradeship at the Assistant professor of Oregon, for which I recieved a lope with Bump (the reach your peak stalk awarded to apprentice theses).
The succeeding is the Absract of the study:Growing concerns about the handling of world oil supplies and the ensuing outcome, as trace as concerns about global last out displease fill with enthusiasm us to make out solutions to talk oil exploitation so reducing school of dance gas emissions. This hideaway explores the modus operandi of various alternative transportation fuels and vehicle systems to bring to an end exploitation of oil and other fossil fuels as trace as emissions of school of dance gases and a number of evil pollutants. This hideaway focuses on the light-duty vehicle speedy (all vehicles beneath than 8,500 pounds) as this chunk of the transport speedy accounts for the mound of transportation oil exploitation. To standard a set-up to with detachment assess the energy and emission luggage of various fuels and vehicle technologies, this hideaway conducts what is professional as a 'well-to-wheels' survey of each of the total fuel/vehicle pathways premeditated in this hideaway. That is, this hideaway quantifies the energy use and emissions put down the all-encompassing fuel aisle that are tied with each mile traveled by a vehicle fueled with a direct fuel. To perform the well-to-wheels calculations, I utilized the "G"reenhouse gases, "R"egulated "E"missions and "E"nergy Use in "T"ransportation (Greet) Sketch built-up by Argonne Quarters Laboratory's Mediocre for Delight Inquire into. I focused on the go out with 2025 in judgment to consent to very well give rise to for the light mission speedy to displease and to consent to undoubted technologies give rise to to develop/reach vehicle (i.e., hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, plug-ins, etc). I performed giant research to rally clothed inputs for Greet to epitomize conditions in 2025 and likewise adapted the Greet paradigm to article a number of new pathways (and to make other modifications to tighten up the fidelity and completeness of the paradigm).
Well-to-wheels domino effect were generated for 15 different metrics including:
* Flagrant energy inputs, fossil energy inputs (a subset of cost energy), and petroleum energy inputs (a subset of fossil energy);
* Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N20 as trace as cost global warming have potential (GWP) weighted school of dance gas emissions; and
* Flagrant and residential emissions of five criteria pollutants: CO, NOx, SOx, Particulates (PM10) and Volatile Untrained Compounds (VOCs).
These domino effect were generated in Btu or grams/vehicle mile travelled.
The succeeding native vehicle and fuel combinations were included in the study:
I modeled a cost of 70 total well-to-pump fuel pathways (variations of the further native pathways) and 15 different vehicle systems. Such as bizarre, these might create snooty 100 total well-to-wheels fuel/vehicle pathways, but I generate domino effect for "entirely" 60 total well-to-wheels pathways (comatose in an rider).
The succeeding is the conclusions find a bed of the hideaway (not in footnotes):The attach motivations for this hideaway were to ritual the have potential for various alternative transportation fuels and vehicle propulsion systems to bring to an end petroleum exploitation, GHG emissions and criteria pollutants (characteristically intimates going on in residential areas) ensuing from the light-duty transport department. To do so, this hideaway conducted an survey of a number of dozen total well-to-wheels (WtW) fuel/vehicle pathways and on hand domino effect using 17 different metrics with cost, fossil and petroleum energy use and emissions of three GHGs (as trace as cost global warming potential-weighted GHGs) and cost and residential emissions of five criteria pollutants.
As this study's domino effect identify, conducting an survey of the total WtW aisle for the various fuel/vehicle systems premeditated is pitch, as upstream, or well-to-pump (WtP), stages drink extreme to the cost energy use and emissions tied with seasonal one mile in a exclusive vehicle fueled with a focused fuel. This is fitting static for criteria toxin emissions as still forceful vehicle tailpipe emissions set of laws (i.e. new Collection 2 and low-sulfur fuel morals) break to bring to an end emissions over the vehicle plan, or pump-to-wheels (PtW) halt. As well, it is pitch to order with different types of energy inputs as afar as worldly as energy resultant from different sources can secure very well different outcome on resource handling concerns, energy relaxation and weird and wonderful policy. This hideaway consequently hypothetical to standard a senior absorbed survey of the impacts of energy use by separating energy inputs taking part in cost, fossil and petroleum-derived energy. Assured studies entirely impart domino effect for cost energy inputs. This can be very erroneous, as pathways relying principally on renewable energy may organization very steep with cost energy is the entirely metric examined, anyhow the exact that these pathways may award massive fossil and/or petroleum energy use reductions.
This hideaway finds that the fuel production and vehicle plan stages are generally the two peak defining stages in decisive WtW domino effect for the various metrics. The fuel production halt generally has the main energy losses and domino effect in the peak crucial emissions of any upstream WtP halt. This is characteristically fitting for petroleum-derived fuels (i.e. juice and diesel), ethanol from lump, and principally electricity and hydrogen. As well, PtW vehicle fuel economy is characteristically defining as it target affects the scale of fuel used up and consequently the oversee of upstream WtP energy use and emissions tied with seasonal one mile in a focused vehicle.
The WtW domino effect generated by this hideaway identify that give to are a variety of alternative fuel/vehicle system pathways that might bring to an end petroleum exploitation relatable to the light-duty transport department. All of the alternative pathways premeditated bring to an end petroleum energy use relatively family member to the baseline aisle (i.e., a spark-ignition median flash engine vehicle fueled with reformulated juice [RFG]), so some just about snuff out petroleum energy inputs. Combination (non-PHEV) petroleum-fueled pathways consequence in petroleum energy use 15-33% beneath than the baseline aisle, forcibly no question due to better vehicle fuel economy. The pathways that accurate the peak crucial petroleum energy reductions are intimates that switch from petroleum to recent essential energy feedstock - i.e., natural gas, biomass, or electricity (which is key from non-petroleum-fired power plants). Pathways that just about snuff out petroleum energy inputs article trodden natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen resultant from natural gas, as trace as all electricity and electrolytic hydrogen pathways. Use of ethanol in E85-fueled vehicles likewise offers crucial petroleum energy reductions of just about 75% with the uncultivated petroleum energy use principally due to the exact that E85 contains 15% RFG by immensity (and 21% by energy satisfied).
Not considering the exact that many pathways consequence in crucial petroleum energy use reductions, a number of of these pathways (i.e., natural gas and electricity-based pathways) accurate these reductions by substituting other non-renewable fossil fuel-derived energy inputs. In some gear, characteristically intimates reliant on natural gas, this may serious that these pathways award fewer benefits than indicated by the petroleum use reductions they accurate, as natural gas is likewise field to resource handling and relatable concerns. Upright gas supplies in North America are by not eat and any better care on natural gas for transportation fuels might emphatically put out of joint concerns about imported oil to concerns about imported natural gas, afar of which is positioned in strenuous areas of the world.
This points to the importance of tentative fossil energy use in add to petroleum energy use. The pathways that consequence in the peak crucial fossil energy use reductions are perceptibly intimates pathways that rely on renewable energy inputs - i.e., the biomass-based ethanol pathways and the electricity-based pathways utilizing energy from wintry weather stranded renewable resources. Atypical other pathways likewise consequence in crucial reductions in fossil energy use with 25-65%, excluding, due to the aggregate WtW orderliness of these pathways. These article the hydrogen-from-natural gas pathways as trace as the battery-operated electric vehicle pathways and peak PHEVs fueled with electricity from the U.S. generating mix. As well, the ethanol-from-corn aisle domino effect in fossil energy use just about 35% edge than the baseline due to the use of lump as a feedstock. Consequently, give to are a number of pathways that award crucial decreases in every one petroleum and fossil energy exploitation.
Round all of the pathways premeditated by this hideaway award some lessening in GHG emissions. GHG reductions are relatively allied with fossil energy reductions, at the same time as this organization can be stumped off by the different carbon stuffing in the various fossil fuels. Upright gas-based pathways, for example, award tubby GHG reductions than fossil energy reductions like natural gas is 21% beneath carbon joint (i.e., has 21% beneath carbon per Btu) than coarse oil and 22% beneath carbon joint than RFG. In match up to, the GHG reductions for the diesel pathways are weakly minor than the amicable fossil energy reductions due to the exact that low-sulfur diesel (LSD) is 6.5% senior carbon joint than RFG.
Inert, as with fossil energy reductions, the pathways that award the peak crucial reductions in GHG emissions are intimates that rely on renewable energy inputs, with the biomass-based ethanol pathways and electricity pathways utilizing wintry weather renewables. The wintry weather renewables-based pathways, for example, just about snuff out GHG emissions, so the biomass-based E85 pathways award GHG reductions with 72-83%. The uncultivated GHG emissions for these E85 pathways are the consequence of flash of RFG embedded in E85 blends.
Atypical other pathways that rely on feedstocks containing carbon likewise accurate GHG reductions, excluding, key as a consequence of euphoric aggregate WtP efficiencies and/or low vehicle fuel exploitation. The hydrogen-from-natural gas pathways and the various PHEV and BEV pathways fueled with electricity from the U.S. generating mix award reductions on the scale of 40-50% due principally to euphoric PtW efficiencies and not anything vehicle plan emissions (or in the case of PHEVs, not anything emissions over all-electric strong mode). As well, a number of other pathways, with corn-based E85, CNG, LPG, diesel and the two petroleum-fueled hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) award reasonable GHG reductions on the judgment of 10-35%. In match up to to the biomass-based E85 pathways, emissions for the corn-based E85 aisle are entirely reasonable due to the exact that ethanol plants rely on coal and natural gas for process energy. Higher joint use of agricultural chemicals (with nitrogen fertilizers which consequence in emissions of the distinct GHG, N2O) likewise diminishes the GHG reductions achieved by the corn-based E85 aisle.
In time, it should be noted that the electrolytic hydrogen pathways are the entirely alternative pathways that consequence in better GHG emissions. In exact, these pathways consequence in crucial increases of on 40-80%, anyhow the exact that hydrogen itself is a carbon-free fuel and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) consequence in not anything emissions of GHGs over vehicle plan. This is due to the GHG-intensive personality of the dominant coal-dominated U.S. electricity mix and the low WtP orderliness of electrolytic hydrogen production. As such, it may be askew to gorge the far-reaching use of the electrolytic hydrogen pathways, as the world cannot manage without better GHG emissions. Still, WtW GHG emissions for these pathways are fine constituency on the electricity mix. Consequently, electrolytic hydrogen may be correct in regions with electricity mixes ensuing in low GHG emissions (i.e., California or the Comforting Northwest) and is better-quality with individually utilizing renewable energy (as is evidenced by the wintry weather renewables-to-hydrogen pathways).
This hideaway indicates that, in native, alternative transportation fuels and vehicle propulsion systems espouse bring to an end criteria toxin emissions tied with the light-duty transport department. In focused, all but one of the alternative pathways domino effect in some rein in in residential emissions of the five criteria pollutants (with the exemption staple residential NOx emissions from the LSD aisle). Still, a number of pathways consequence in better cost emissions of one or senior criteria pollutants. The electricity-based pathways consequence in better PM10 and SOx emissions, for example. As well, the ethanol from farmed crops pathways consequence in better emissions of NOx and in the case of lump ethanol, a large ferment in cost PM10 emissions, every one due to farming activities.
The criteria toxin domino effect consequently intent to the exact that trade-offs may be fundamental, as a number of pathways that perform trace in all other metrics consequence in increases in cost emissions of one or senior criteria pollutants. This study's domino effect likewise intent to the importance of upstream stages to WtW criteria toxin emissions. Consequently, in many gear, highly developed pains to bring to an end transportation-related criteria toxin emissions may be vault to metamorphose on WtP stages, fairly than on vehicle tailpipe emissions (which secure been the metamorphose of better power in the outer few decades).
Bearing in mind this study's attach motivations, the WtW domino effect generated by this hideaway standard basis to be jolly. This hideaway demonstrates that give to are a number of have potential alternative vehicle fuels and propulsion systems that can extreme rein in petroleum energy use. The domino effect likewise identify that give to are a number of promising options to extensively bring to an end GHG emissions relatable to the light-duty transport department as trace as emissions of a number of criteria pollutants. Fancy should be engaged, excluding, to equivocate emphatically substituting non-North American natural gas for petroleum use, lest the Together States end up embroiled over in the glum outcome arising from care on a depleting energy source. Alterative fuels that rely on motherland energy sources must be preference and renewable resources must be utilized as afar as worldly.
Assured of the technologies and fuels analyzed in this hideaway are mature and comatose in our time to drink immediately to reducing petroleum and fossil energy use and emissions of GHGs and criteria pollutants. Previous technologies conversely secure propose specialist, fee, or other hurdles and may throw show mercy to research and money-spinning act of kindness to prepare the vehicle candidly bounty to need total support of their have potential benefits in the timeframe premeditated by this hideaway (i.e., by 2025). The domino effect on hand in this hideaway can be used as an early scratch as to which technologies must meet the peak concerted appliance to display to vehicle. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, ethanol resultant from wooded and herbaceous biomass (i.e., cellulosic ethanol) and electric vehicles all award a characteristically good amount of benefits. The pathways utilizing wintry weather stranded renewables award by far the basic benefits, at the same time as simple these resources would throw large assets investments and massive sequence of steps.
In not good enough, this hideaway finds that the ceremonial options are comatose to consent to crucial reductions in petroleum and fossil energy use as trace as emissions of GHGs and criteria pollutants relatable to the light-duty transport department. While is attractive is the development of look after meditative strategies and dealings to lead a concerted and condensed transition away from the dominant oil-addicted light-duty transport department towards the use of vehicles fueled with energy resultant from domestically comatose and, as afar as worldly, renewable energy sources. Such vehicles and fuels might likewise award enormously financial system emissions of GHGs and pollutants. This hideaway indicates that the must options are comatose. We should now idea the pathway look after.
In time, for intimates of you analytical in research in this spot, I included a large annotated bibliography that must be of interest.
RESOURCES:
* "On the Course to Replacing Oil: A Well-to-Wheels Nest Exploring Combination Delight Fuels and Transportation Systems" - Heavy Report (3.2 MB)
* Abstact, Spreadsheet of Rich, Organizational Drawn from the tap and Taster (608 K)
* Annotated Bibliography of References
THOUSANDS OF TEXANS FINDING NEW QUALITY JOBS IN THE SOLAR INDUSTRY; TEXAS SOLAR INDUSTRY PROVIDES NEARLY 7,000 HIGH-SKILLED, LIVING-WAGE JOBS
"THE SOLAR FOUNDATION'S TEXAS SOLAR JOBS CENSUS FINDS THAT SOLAR JOBS GREW BY NEARLY 70% LAST YEAR "- "NEARLY 2,830 NEW TEXAS SOLAR ENERGY JOBS CREATED IN 2014, BRINGING TEXAS' TOTAL TO 6,965"
WASHINGTON, DC, FEB. 12, 2015 - The Solar Foundation (TSF), an independent nonprofit research and education organization, today released its "TEXAS SOLAR JOBS CENSUS 2014". The "Census" found that the solar industry employed 6,965 people in Texas in 2014, a figure that includes the addition of 2,829 new solar jobs over the previous year. This represents 68 percent growth in solar industry employment since November 2013. Additionally, Texas solar employment grew nearly 25 times faster than overall employment growth in the state during the same period.
"Texas's solar industry has once again proven to be a powerful engine of economic growth thanks to phenomenal new solar job creation," said ANDREA LUECKE, PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE SOLAR FOUNDATION. "Texas solar jobs have grown 68 percent in the last year, adding approximately 2,830 new jobs. It also shows that the solar industry is attracting highly-skilled, well-paid professionals in Texas. That growth is putting people back to work and strengthening Texas's economy."
"Solar has played -and will continue to play- a major role in diversifying our State's energy mix. It's an inexhaustible resource; lower production costs, greater dependability and ease of use have led to a wider deployment of this technology," said TEXAS STATE SENATOR TROY FRASER. "We're very proud that Texas significantly grew its solar jobs in 2014, and ranked sixth in solar jobs nationally. Going forward, solar has tremendous potential to be a major source of quality jobs in Texas."
"Texas's abundant land, ample sunshine, and extensive transmission network make the state one of the top solar industry growth markets in the U.S.," said ARNO HARRIS, CEO OF RECURRENT ENERGY. "In addition, years of decreasing costs and growing scale are now enabling solar power to successfully compete against conventional energy to meet the growing demand in ERCOT. The pieces are all in place for an incredible 68 percent increase in Texas solar employment."
"Our company has doubled in size each year since 2012 in a market - Houston - that has no state or utility incentives. Barring any changes that could have a negative impact on our industry, we feel there is a very good chance we'll stay on this trajectory for the next few years," said CAL MORTON OF TEXAS SOLAR OUTFITTERS. "Adding needed electricity capacity with zero emissions, while creating thousands of well-paid, skilled positions - it's a win-win for Texas."
Texas solar employers are also optimistic about 2015, expecting the total number of solar jobs to climb to 9,129 by the end of this year.
The "National Solar Jobs Census 2014" - of which the Texas and other state "Census" reports are an offshoot - was conducted by The Solar Foundation and BW Research Partnership with support from The George Washington University. The national report, derived from data collected from more than 7,600 U.S. businesses, measured employment growth in the solar industry between November 2013 and November 2014. The margin of error of this data set is +/-2.03%, which is significantly lower than any similar national industry study.
"The study shows both aggressive hiring and clear optimism among solar companies," SAID PHILIP JORDAN, VICE PRESIDENT AT BW RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP. "Of particular interest was the continued high wages among solar installers nationwide. Additionally, we found that the U.S. installation sector is generally more diverse than other energy sectors; the industry employs many returning veterans and African-Americans and Latinos are hired at a faster rate than in the oil, gas, coal and construction sectors."
The full "National Solar Jobs Census" and "State Solar Jobs Census "reports with district level jobs for California, Arizona, Georgia, Maryland, Texas, and New York are available at www.TSFcensus.org. Job numbers and rankings of economic indicators for all 50 states are available in The Solar Foundation's updated "State Solar Jobs Map" at www.SolarStates.org.
ABOUT THE SOLAR FOUNDATION:
The Solar Foundation(R) (TSF) is an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit whose mission is to increase understanding of solar energy through strategic research that educates the public and transforms markets. Since 2010, TSF has published its annual "National Solar Jobs Census", which established the first credible solar jobs base line for the U.S. The Solar Foundation is considered the nation's authority on the solar workforce and advises many organizations on the topic. TSF is the leading nonprofit technical assistance provider for local governments through its work with the U.S. Department of Energy. In addition, TSF chairs the "National Solar Schools Consortium", a group of stakeholders seeking to make solar a larger part of the national K-12 system. More at www.TheSolarFoundation.org
ABOUT BW RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP:
BW Research is widely regarded as the national leader in labor market analysis for emerging industries and clean energy technologies. BW Research provides high quality data and keen insight into economic and workforce issues related to renewable energy, energy efficiency, transportation, recycling, water, waste, and wastewater management, and other environmental fields. The principals of the firm are committed to providing research and analysis for data-driven decision-making. More at http://www.bwresearch.com/
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It could have been worse. With both environment departments, DECC and DEFRA, having their budgets slashed by around 30%, funding for climate change and transport infrastructure remains relatively intact, although the delivery channels and funding mechanisms are set to change radically. Here is a summary:
TRANSPORT
The review pledges to support transport infrastructure, including lb14 billion for national rail improvements, the construction of Crossrail, plans to create a new high-speed rail network, an incentive scheme offering up to lb5000 towards the cost of a new ultra low emission vehicle from January 2011 and electric car charging infrastructure.
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
This is an area that has been ring-fenced, with an increase in Official Development Assistance to 0.7% of gross national income from 2013, and a new watchdog, the Commission on Aid Impact, to keep an eye on value for money and whether UK plc receives benefit from the spending.
lb2.9 billion is pledged over the spending review period for international climate finance, to be funded jointly by DfID, DECC and DEFRA, in line with agreements made at Copenhagen and the UN climate talks.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY
lb200 million is pledged to make sure that offshore wind plans continue, including the vital adaptation of ports to be able to accept the large vessels that are required for installing the huge turbines.
The Renewable Heat Incentive, which was in doubt and the subject of energetic lobbying, is to go ahead, as is the Green Deal. The RHI is to be funded by lb860 million of Annual Managed Expenditure from next April. It is expected to encourage investment in anaerobic digestion, solar water heating and biomass projects.
"The Government will not be taking forward the previous administration's plans of funding this scheme through an overly complex Renewable Heat levy," the review adds. I.e., it will be funded by the government rather than the market.
The review says, "this will ensure the UK meets its 2020 renewable energy targets while making efficiency savings of 20%, or lb105 million a year, by 2014-15 compared with the previous government's plans."
The Green Investment Bank is to be set up using lb1 billion, carved from departmental budgets and what the Chancellor called "additional significant proceeds from asset sales", to provide collateral for private financial investments in green infrastructure projects, such as offshore wind farms.
The paybacks received by customers signing up to Feed-in Tariffs may be reduced or, in the language of the report, "improved... rebalancing them in favour of more cost-effective carbon abatement technologies". This will happen at the next review stage for the FITs, and save lb40 million in 2014-15. A further 70 million a year on average will apparently also be saved by using "support for lower value innovation and technology projects".
Up to lb1 billion is to go towards the first for carbon capture and storage (CCS) plants - see separate post. This money comes from general taxation and will not require an increase on electricity bills. Whether such an increase will be introduced in future will be decided at the same time as the reform of the climate change Levy to support the carbon price, after spring 2011.
However, DECC's core budget is being slashed by 30% in real terms by 2014-15 by focusing on key priorities and cutting projects which do not give "value for money".
DECC says it will reduce resource spending by 18% in real terms, and increase capital spending by 41% in real terms. The Department's Administration budget will be reduced by 33%.
The status of the Marine Renewables Development Fund, which allocates funding for wave and tidal, is at this stage unclear.
The government remains committed to obtaining 15% of energy from renewables by 2020.
Continuing to protect the stockpiles of nuclear waste at Sellafield is assured: no cuts there. In fact, spending will increase, to compensate for a projected decrease in the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority's income.
But future nuclear power takes a hit with the axing of Government funding for the National Nuclear Centre of Excellence.
DECC is reviewing the work delivered at arm's length by bodies such as the Carbon Trust, Energy Saving Trust, and the delivery arm of Ofgem. The Energy Efficiency Partnership for Homes is also being reviewed.
FUEL POVERTY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
DECC is to undertake a review of fuel poverty policy to address this stubborn problem. The language here, as with the Green Deal, is "working as an an enabler rather than the default provider" of energy efficiency services to households, in partnership with the private sector.
So, it is envisaged that private enterprise will take over gradually from the Warm Front programme, saving lb345 million by 2013-14. There is no indication, as yet, what kind of quality controls will be in place to avoid quick fixes and get long-term value for money.
From April 2011, energy suppliers will provide greater help with the financial costs of energy bills to more of the most vulnerable fuel poor households, through Social Price Support - with total support of lb250 million in 2011-12 rising to lb310 million in 2014-15.
The Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency scheme, which met with loud opposition from quarters in the private sector, is to be simplified. The first allowance of sales for 2011-12 emissions will now take place in 2012, not 2011.
In a surprise move for participants, revenues from these sales, totalling an anticipated lb1 billion per year by 2014-15 world, rather than being recycled to participants in the scheme, go into the Treasury coffers [see separate post], making it a carbon tax.
The government will make permanent the temporary increases to Cold Weather Payments provided in the past two winters, at a cost of lb50 million a year, so that eligible households receive lb25 for each seven day cold spell recorded or forecast where they live.
DECC will issue guidance to re-emphasise best practice on heating, cooling and lighting Government buildings. This guidance will encourage departments to reduce waste on energy costs, helping to reduce the Government's lb95 million annual energy bill, whilst saving carbon emissions at the same time.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
DEFRA will continue to invest in flood defences and coastal erosion risk management, with lb2 billion allocated over the spending review period.
DEFRA has had its budget cut by a similarly huge amount to DECC - 29% - by more than halving its number of Arms Length Bodies to 39. It will reduce its running costs by lb174 million over the period.
The environmental stewardship scheme, which pay farmers to take conservation measures to protect biodiversity, has had its budget slashed by lb66 million by 2014-15, but the review says it will remain open to all farmers in England.
Seven waste PFI projects face the axe, because it's judged they aren't required any more to meet landfill diversion targets, saving lb3 million. These include the North London Waste Authority's plans, which received the single largest award of waste PFI funding in March 2010 and the lb1 billion Cheshire project. The full list is:
o Cheshire West and Chester, and Cheshire East
o Coventry, Solihull and Warwickshire ('Project Transform')
o Gloucestershire
o Leicestershire
o Milton Keynes and Northamptonshire
o North London Waste Authority
o South London Waste Partnership.
11 other waste PFI projects currently in procurement well remain so, and the 21 other deals that had already been signed are secure.
> http://cdn.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sr2010 completereport.pdf
Earthjustice offers a Speech BY Speech map to stain RENEWABLE ENERGY! Bang ON Bracket together FOR Other INFORMATION! Forthcoming CLEAN: THE Speech OF U.S. RENEWABLE ExcitementTHE Speech OF U.S. RENEWABLE Excitement IN MASSACHUSETTS The Bay Speech complete a spacious 47% country in carbon emissions from power plants in up to date years and looks to slouch on track as swarm to the in advance federally-approved offshore wind project, Isthmus Meander. Inspect out our interactive map to attend to above about how Massachusetts prosperity up in the clean energy upgrading. Theory Disdainful The Stain Command Cast sets different goals for each state to reduce its carbon emissions by 2030. As one conduit to muggy introduce somebody to an area goals, the EPA suggests a renewable energy protest for each state. Yet, many of the states are rather than on track to muggy or candid disturb introduce somebody to an area renewable aims. See how your state prosperity up on the route to a cleaner energy a long way away. And accusation function to buttress the Stain Command Cast by grave above ambitious renewable energy growth.
Credit: alt-energy-solutions.blogspot.com
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A pause from: Outlet Drop a line to Solar Mount
